![]() Survey results are similar to other documented tornadoes, but the amount of EF1 damage is greater than in other cases. For the strongest level of damage (EF5), only nine homes were found. Excluding EF0 damage, 38% were associated with EF1, 24% with EF2, 21% with EF3, 17% with EF4, and only 0.4% associated with EF5. Of the total DIs, about 50% were associated with EF0 ratings. Survey results document 4253 objects damaged by the tornado, 4222 of them EF-scale damage indicators (DIs). The survey team defined a ''well built'' house that qualified for an EF5 rating. ![]() The survey process utilized the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and was facilitated by use of a National Weather Service (NWS) software package: the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT). The surveys were aided by use of high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery. The team began surveying tornado damage on the morning of 21 May and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. A team of surveyors from the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Center and two private companies performed a detailed survey (all objects/structures) of the tornado to provide better documentation than is normally done, in part to aid future studies of the event. The tornado killed 24 people, injured over 200 others, and damaged many structures. It traveled 23 km and damage was up to 1.7 km wide. The tornado that affected Moore, Oklahoma, and the surrounding area on was an extreme event. We will present comparisons of the tornado path and damage to data from several nearby radar facilities. In this paper we describe the effort to organize the ground survey teams immediately following the event, provide an overview of the tornado evolution, and review specific aspects of the damage survey (in particular, assigning EF5 ratings to residential structures). A team of surveyors from the National Weather Center (NWC University of Oklahoma, CIMMS, National Severe Storms Laboratory, the Norman National Weather Service Forecast Office and the Warning Decision Training Branch) and twoprivate organizations (Haag Engineering and Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety) began surveying tornado damage on and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. The tornado killed 24 people, injured 212 others, and damaged over 4,000 structures, with over 1,000 structures having damage exceeding EF2 intensity. ![]() The official path length for the tornado, as recorded in Storm Data, was 22.28 km (13.85 mi) and was up to 1,737 m (1,900 yards) wide. Overall our results indicate that long-term (multi-year) community disaster mental health monitoring, assessment, referral, outreach, and services are needed following a major disaster like the 2011 Joplin tornado.The tornado affected the cities of Newcastle, Moore, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. At Survey 2 we assessed parent report of child (ages 4 to 17) strengths and difficulties and found that child difficulties were more frequent for younger children (ages 4 to 10) than older children (ages 11 to 17), and that parents reporting probable PTSD reported a greater frequency of children with borderline or abnormal difficulties. For both surveys, we observed low rates of mental health service utilization, and these rates were also low for participants reporting probable PTSD and current depression. Low levels of social support (assessed only at Survey 2) were related to more probable PTSD and current depression. Men and younger participants were more likely to report current depression at Survey 1. Less education and more tornado experience was generally related to greater likelihood of experiencing probable PTSD and current depression for both surveys. ![]() Probable PTSD relevance was 12.63% at Survey 1 and 26.74% at Survey 2, while current depression prevalence was 20.82% at Survey 1 and 13.33% at Survey 2. For Survey 2 we also assessed social support and parent report of child strengths and difficulties. For both surveys we assessed tornado experience, posttraumatic stress, depression, mental health service utilization, and sociodemographics. This study examined the mental health effects of this event through a random digit dialing sample (N = 380) of Joplin adults at approximately 6 months post-disaster (Survey 1) and a purposive convenience sample (N = 438) of Joplin adults at approximately 2.5 years post-disaster (Survey 2). On the deadliest tornado in the United States since 1947 struck Joplin, Missouri killing 161 people, injuring approximately 1,150 individuals, and causing approximately $2.8 billion in economic losses.
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